Living on the West Coast of North America, particularly in Victoria, BC, means we are no strangers to the talk of “The Big One.” This refers to the potential for a massive earthquake that could strike the region along the Cascadia Subduction Zone, an area off the Pacific coast where tectonic plates are constantly shifting. While earthquakes are impossible to predict, scientists agree that the possibility of a major quake hitting the Pacific Northwest, including Victoria, is not a matter of if but when. With this in mind, it’s crucial for residents of Victoria to be prepared.
What is “The Big One”?
The “Big One” is a term used to describe a magnitude 8.0 to 9.0 earthquake that could occur along the Cascadia Subduction Zone. This area stretches from Northern California to British Columbia and has the potential to release enormous amounts of energy. Historically, the last massive quake in this zone occurred in 1700. A similar event today could trigger widespread damage across Vancouver Island, Victoria, and other coastal communities in British Columbia.How Will an Earthquake Impact Victoria?
Victoria is particularly vulnerable to earthquake damage because of its proximity to the subduction zone and its location on soft soil. The soil can amplify seismic waves, increasing the risk of intense shaking. Additionally, many of the city’s buildings, especially older homes, may not be constructed to withstand a powerful earthquake. The impact could include:- Building damage and collapses: Structures may not be built to seismic standards, leading to damage or collapse.
- Landslides: Areas around Victoria with steep slopes could experience landslides, threatening homes and infrastructure.
- Liquefaction: This occurs when the shaking turns soft soil into a liquid-like state, causing buildings to sink or tip over.
- Tsunami risk: Though Victoria is somewhat shielded by Vancouver Island, areas closer to the coast may still face tsunami threats.
Earthquake Preparedness for Victoria Residents
Here are essential steps Victoria residents should take to ensure they are ready for a major earthquake:1. Create an Emergency Plan
Every household should have an earthquake emergency plan in place. This plan should include:- Meeting places: Designate an area outside your home and a secondary location in case you can’t return home.
- Emergency contacts: Have a list of local and out-of-area emergency contacts that all family members can call if separated.
- Evacuation routes: Know the safest routes out of your neighborhood, especially if you live near the coast and need to evacuate due to a tsunami warning.
2. Prepare an Emergency Kit
An emergency kit is crucial for surviving the aftermath of an earthquake. It should include:- Water: At least 4 liters per person per day, enough to last for at least 3 days.
- Food: Non-perishable items like canned goods, granola bars, and dried fruits.
- First aid kit: Include bandages, antiseptics, pain relievers, and any necessary prescription medications.
- Flashlight and batteries: In case of power outages.
- Radio: A battery-powered or hand-crank radio to stay informed about emergency information.
- Blankets and clothing: To stay warm if you need to shelter outside.
- Whistle: To signal for help if trapped.
3. Secure Your Home
Earthquakes can cause severe damage to homes, especially those not built to modern seismic standards. To make your home more earthquake-resistant:- Anchor heavy furniture: Secure bookshelves, cabinets, and appliances to walls to prevent them from toppling over during shaking.
- Install latches: Use latches on kitchen cabinets to prevent dishes and glassware from falling out.
- Reinforce your home’s structure: Consult with a professional to assess your home’s foundation and structure. Reinforce your walls, chimneys, and roof if necessary.
- Gas and water shutoff: Learn how to turn off your gas and water in case of leaks.
4. Know the Drill
Knowing how to react when an earthquake hits can be the difference between life and death. The standard response during an earthquake is to:- Drop, Cover, and Hold On: Drop to your hands and knees, take cover under a sturdy piece of furniture, and hold on until the shaking stops.
- Avoid doorways: Despite popular belief, doorways are not the safest place during an earthquake.
- Stay indoors: Most injuries during earthquakes occur when people try to leave buildings and are hit by falling debris.
5. Understand the Tsunami Risk
While Victoria is somewhat protected by Vancouver Island, there is still a risk of tsunamis after a significant earthquake. If you live in a coastal area:- Know the evacuation routes: Familiarize yourself with tsunami evacuation routes and practice getting to higher ground.
- Heed warnings: If you feel strong shaking or see the ocean receding abnormally, move to higher ground immediately.
Post-Earthquake Recovery
After the initial shaking stops, the recovery process begins. Be prepared for aftershocks, which can occur days, weeks, or even months after the initial earthquake. Here's what to do post-quake:- Check for injuries: Attend to any immediate medical needs for yourself and your family.
- Inspect your home: Check for gas leaks, water damage, and structural issues. If there is severe damage, avoid re-entering your home.
- Communicate: Use text messaging or social media to let loved ones know you’re safe. Phone lines may be jammed during emergencies.
- Stay informed: Listen to local authorities for information on safe zones, aftershocks, and relief efforts.
Government and Community Preparedness
Victoria’s local government has also been preparing for “The Big One.” The City of Victoria and the Province of British Columbia have disaster response plans in place, including:- Emergency shelters: Locations designated to house displaced residents.
- Public education programs: Workshops and resources on earthquake preparedness.
- Seismic upgrades: Many public buildings, bridges, and infrastructure have been retrofitted to withstand seismic activity.